Portal:Contents/History and events

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents/History_and_events

Wikipedia's contents: History and events

A depiction of the ancient Library of Alexandria.

History is the interpretation of past events, societies and civilizations. The term history comes from the Greek historia (ἱστορία), "an account of one's inquiries," and shares that etymology with the English word story as narrative. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica stated that "history in the wider sense is all that has happened, not merely all the phenomena of human life, but those of the natural world as well. It is everything that undergoes change; and as modern science has shown that there is nothing absolutely static, therefore, the whole universe, and every part of it, has its history."

The History Portal · The Current events Portal

More about History...

History and events: Overview • Lists • Outlines • Portals • Categories • Glossaries • Indexes

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Overview (see for all subject areas)

Main articles: News, History, History of the world, History of the Earth, and Historiography

History by region – Ancient Egypt • Ancient Greece • Ancient Rome • History of China • History of Arabia • History of Mesoamerica • History of India

History by continent – Africa • The Americas • Antarctica • Asia • Australia • Eurasia • Europe • North America • Oceania • South America

List of time periods – Prehistory • Protohistory • Ancient history • Modern history • Future history

The Ages of history – Stone Age • Copper Age • Bronze Age • Iron Age • Dark Ages (historiography) • Middle Ages • Age of Discovery • Renaissance • Age of Enlightenment • Industrial Age • Space Age • Information Age

History by subject

Cultural history – Money • Sport

History of art – Dance • Film • Music • Painting • Theatre

History of philosophy – Ancient • Medieval • Modern • Contemporary

History of logic

History of science – Theories/sociology • Historiography • Mathematics • Pseudoscience • Scientific method

History of the natural sciences – Astronomy • Biology • Chemistry • Ecology • Geography • Physics • Geology

History of the social sciences – Anthropology • Economics • Education • Geography • Linguistics • Political science • Psychology • Sociology

History of science by era – In early cultures • In Classical Antiquity • In the Middle Ages • In the Renaissance • Scientific Revolution

History of technology – Agriculture & agricultural science • Architecture • Biotechnology • Chemical engineering • Communication • Computing (Computer science, Software engineering) • Electrical engineering • Invention • Materials science • Measurement • Medicine • Military technology • Transport

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Lists (see for all subject areas)

History

General: Archeological sites (By country, By continent and age) • Civil wars • Cyclones • Extinct states • Famous deaths by cause • Guerrilla movements • Historians (by subfield) • Historical anniversaries • Inventors killed by their own inventions • Historical sites • Roman sites (UK) • World records in chess

Time periods: On this day (March 21) • Months • This Year (2013) • By decade • By century

Timelines of events

By chronology: Big Bang • Ancient Mesopotamia • Ancient Greece • Rome • Roman Republic • Roman Empire • French Revolution • World War I • World War II (Evacuations) • Space Race • Cold War

By event type: Battles • Coups d'état • Disasters (By death toll) • Earthquakes • Epidemics • Famous speeches • Fires • Foreign policy doctrines • Invasions • Inventions • Industrial disasters •Judgments of the Constitutional Court of South Africa • Kidnappings • Massacres • Military disasters • Musical events • Military operations • Natural disasters • Nobel Prizes • Nuclear accidents • Power outages • Recessions • Revolutions and rebellions • Riots • Roman Governorships of Britain • Scientific discoveries • Sieges • Space Shuttle missions • Strikes • Tariffs • Terrorism • Ticker-tape parades in New York City • Treaties • United States Supreme Court cases • UN peacekeeping missions • Wars

By field: Agriculture • Archaeology • Architecture • Art • Aviation • Biology • Chemistry • Communication • Computing • Evolution • Film • Geography • Human evolution • Invention • Literature • Mathematics • Medicine • Meteorology • Photography • Physics • Poetry • Psychology • Science • Scientific discoveries • Scientific experiments • Scientific method • Sociology • Transport

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Outlines (see for all subject areas)

History – record of past events and the way things were. It is also a field responsible for the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about the past.

History, by period (See also Timeline of world history)
- Prehistory – events occurring before recorded history (that is, before written records).
  - Colorado prehistory –
  - Prehistoric technology – technologies that emerged before recorded history (i.e., before the development of writing).
- Ancient history – from ≈3350 BCE to ≈500 CE
  - Classical antiquity – long period of cultural history in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the Greco-Roman world.
    - Ancient Greece – period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages (ca. 1100 BC) to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece. It was the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization.
    - Ancient Rome – civilization that started on the Italian Peninsula and lasted from as early as the 10th century BC to the 5th century AD. Over centuries it shifted from a monarchy to a republic to an empire which dominated South-Western Europe, South-Eastern Europe/Balkans and the Mediterranean region.
    - Classical architecture –
  - Ancient India –
- Middle Ages (Medieval history)– historical period following the Iron Age, fully underway by the 5th century and lasting to the 15th century and preceding the early Modern Era. It is the middle period in a three-period division of history: Classic, Medieval, and Modern.
  - Timeline of the Middle Ages
- Renaissance – cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It encompassed a flowering of literature, science, art, religion, and politics, and gradual but widespread educational reform.
- Early modern history – from 1500 to 1899
- Modern history – since 1900.

History, by region
- History of South Asia
- History of Western civilization
- History of existing states
  - United States history
    - History of U.S. states
- Historical states
  - Ancient Egypt – an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, along the lower reaches of the Nile River starting about 3150 BC, in what is now the modern country of Egypt.^[1]
  - Ancient Greece – period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages (ca. 1100 BC) to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece. It was the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization.
  - Ancient Rome – civilization that started on the Italian Peninsula and lasted from as early as the 10th century BC to the 5th century AD. Over centuries it shifted from a monarchy to a republic to an empire which dominated South-Western Europe, South-Eastern Europe/Balkans and the Mediterranean region.
    - The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire – six-volume work authored by the celebrated English historian Edward Gibbon (1737–1794).
  - Byzantine Empire – the Eastern Roman Empire that existed throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania by its inhabitants and neighbors, the empire was centered on the capital of Constantinople and was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State.^[2] Byzantium, however, was distinct from ancient Rome, in that it was Christian and predominantly Greek-speaking, being influenced by Greek, as opposed to Latin, culture.^[3]
  - Ottoman Empire – historical Muslim empire, also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey. At its zenith in the second half of the 16th century it controlled Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia and North Africa.

History, by subject
- History, by field
- Historical sciences – fields dealing with history
  - Archaeology
  - Geology
  - Biology
  - Astronomy
- History of terrorism
  - Terrorism in the United States
    - September 11 attacks
- Wars
  - American Civil War – civil war in the United States of America from 1861-1865 in which 11 Southern slave states tried to secede.
  - World War II – global military conflict from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world's nations forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread, largest, most costly, and deadliest^[4] war in history.
  - Vietnam War – Cold War era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955^{[A 1]} to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations.^[9]

^ "Chronology". Digital Egypt for Universities, University College London. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
^ Halsall, Paul (1995). "Byzantium". Fordham University. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
^ Millar 2006, pp. 2, 15; James 2010, p. 5: "But from the start, there were two major differences between the Roman and Byzantine empires: Byzantium was for much of its life a Greek-speaking empire oriented towards Greek, not Latin culture; and it was a Christian empire."
^ Dunnigan, James; Albert Nofi. Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You About the Greatest, Most Terrible War in History, William Morrow & Company, 1994. ISBN 0-688-12235-3
^ DoD 1998
^ Lawrence 2009, p. 20
^ James Olson and Randy Roberts, Where the Domino Fell: America and Vietnam, 1945–1990, p. 67 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991).
^ Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960, The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1, Chapter 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Section 3, pp. 314–346; International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.
^ "Vietnam War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 March 2008. "Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in its longest and most controversial war"